Jackson 1 Essays - Identity Politics, Politics, Black Power

Jackson 1 Bennie Jackson African American Studies 2210 Professor Eboe Hutchful April 26, 2017 Your Week 13 Discussion Board specifically flagged the issue of gender in the Black Freedom struggle for the first time. Yet, as we already know from the readings, the voices of Black Women have resounded from the very early days of the struggle. How have Black Women activists themselves conceptualized or visualized their particular situation and their role in the struggle? Answer by reviewing the ideas of the following: A. J. Cooper, Mary Church Terrell, Anne Dunbar-Nelson, Amy Jacques Garvey, Claudia Jones, the Combahee River Collective and Angela Davis. How should each of these activists be classified: as integrationist, Black Nationalist, or Transformationalist? Although black women played a huge role in the Black Power Struggle , they rarely received recognition for their dedicated participation. From the movement's inception, black women were at the forefront, organizing communities, church congregations, and Civil Rights organizations. However, despite such committed involvement to improving the conditions of black Americans, black female movement participants encountered sexist treatment from their black male counterparts and mainstream society. All of the women that were inv olved in the Black Freedom Struggle was motivated by accepting values of integrationalism , transformationalism, and/or Black Nationalism. Even though black women encountered sexism within organizations prior to 1966, the sexism was not as blatant and combative a s it was during the Black Freedom Movement. Mary Church Terrell, whose ideologies leaned more to integrationalism , was one of the most profound activists leading up to the Black Freedo m Struggle . Her scholarly articles, poems, and Jackson 2 short stories about race and gender appea red in numerous journals and magazines. Terrell began her professional career as a writer, educator, and activist, co-founded the National Association of Colored Women and served as the organization's first president . Terrell joined the passionate efforts to end legal segregat ion in Washington, D.C. In 1940 she wrote her autobiography, A Colored Woman in a White World, which details her own battles with gender and race discrimination in t he United States. In 19 09, she was made a charter member of the NAAC P. Within the NAACP, she could not escape sexism, therefore, Terrell confronted Washingto n's then current racial issues and i t became her greatest achievement. Ann Dunbar-Nelson addressed the issues that confronted African-Americans and women of her time. S he served as field organizer for the Woman's Suffrage M ovement and for the Wome n's Committee of the Council of Defense . Dunbar-Nelson was a teacher, activist, and journalist who was active in the women's suffrage and anti-lynching movements. During the last two decades of her life, her efforts were directed towards the political issues surrounding African Americans. Her one-act play "Mine Eyes Have Seen" was published in the Crisis, a NAACP journal edited by W.E.B. DuBois. It raised questions about the duties of Black Americans that served in a war waged by a country that had not given them any justice. Ann Dunbar-Nelson utilized theories of transformationalism through her may works that developed from her abilities to use her Creole linguistics to get her points across. While she continued the struggle for Black Nationalism and African Independence, Amy Jacques Garvey doubled as a pioneer for Pan-African emancipation. Becoming the wife of the late, great Marcus Garvey in 1922, she gained notoriety by aiding him in writing his countless articles and publications. Garvey, within her own right, later published her own book, Garvey and Jackson 3 Garveyism and later published two collections of essays, Black Power in America and The Impact o f Garvey in Africa and Jamaica. Herself and husband were advocates of rallying for blacks to gain their own central powers and have freedom to self-govern. All along she helped organize and develop Garvey's philosophy of African Consciousness, Self-help, and above all economic independence. She will be greatly remembered for her conscious efforts of heroic deeds and sacrifices. Claudia Jones was a Communist for her entire adult life and a leader in several major mo vements. Although her formal education had terminated because she was forced to drop out of high school, her education did not stop there.

How to Test for Hyphenation in Phrasal Adjectives

How to Test for Hyphenation in Phrasal Adjectives How to Test for Hyphenation in Phrasal Adjectives How to Test for Hyphenation in Phrasal Adjectives By Mark Nichol One of the most frequent style errors among writers is the omission of one or more hyphens in a phrasal adjective, a phrase consisting of two or more words linked to show that they’re teaming up to modify a noun that follows them. There’s an easy test to help you see that the hyphen is necessary. When you write a phrase consisting of a noun preceded by two words describing the noun, confirm that the first and second word together modify the third, rather than that the second and third words constitute a compound noun modified by the first word. In the following sentence, for example, the latter holds true: â€Å"Indeed, the agency grants authority for community prevention efforts.† Here, â€Å"prevention efforts† is an open compound noun modified by community the sentence does not refer to efforts to prevent community so no hyphen is required. Also, note that not every phrasal adjective requires a hyphen. Many open compound nouns (for example, â€Å"high school,† â€Å"income tax,† and â€Å"real estate†) are so well established that they appear in dictionaries as terms in their own right and do not require hyphenation when they are converted into adjectives to modify a noun (for example, â€Å"high school student,† â€Å"income tax form,† and â€Å"real estate agent†). In a given sentence with a modified noun, ask yourself what kind of thing is being described, then hyphenate accordingly: 1. â€Å"This foundation has a feel good name.† What kind of a name does it have? One designed to make you feel good, not a good name that feels. So, it’s a feel-good name: â€Å"This foundation has a feel-good name.† 2. â€Å"The small Victorian beach town lifted a decades old ban.† What kind of a ban is it? One that has lasted for decades, not an old ban that is decades. So, it’s a decades-old ban: â€Å"The small Victorian beach town lifted a decades-old ban.† 3. â€Å"A truck and a car collided, triggering a seven vehicle crash.† What kind of crash was it? One involving seven vehicles, not a vehicle crash that is seven. So, it’s a seven-vehicle crash: â€Å"A truck and a car collided, triggering a seven-vehicle crash.† 4. â€Å"It’s the Bay Area’s fastest growing town.† What kind of town is it? One that is growing faster than any other, not a growing town that’s fastest. So, it’s the fastest-growing town: â€Å"It’s the Bay Area’s fastest-growing town.† 5. â€Å"The bumps have been causing two hour delays.† What kind of delays are they? Ones lasting two hours, not hour delays that are two. So, they’re two-hour delays: â€Å"The bumps have been causing two-hour delays.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Passed vs Past34 Writing Tips That Will Make You a Better Writer5 Erroneously Constructed â€Å"Not Only . . . But Also† Sentences

Does Having Natural Resources Necessarily Lead To Economic Growth and Essay

Does Having Natural Resources Necessarily Lead To Economic Growth and Development - Essay Example The paper tells that economic development is the sustainable increase in the people`s standard of living and measured using per capita income while economic growth is the increase in the capacity of a given country to produce goods and services over time and is reflected by the GDP. Past decades have proved that valuable natural resources such as natural gas, oil deposits and minerals do not necessarily lead to economic growth. This is evidenced by oil-rich African countries such as Angola, Nigeria, Congo, and Sudan. These countries earn several millions of dollars annually from oil exports yet the foreign exchange or the riches gained over the years has never been converted into a noticeable increase in GDP. In comparison, Asian countries such as Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan have experienced economic growth which can rival those of western countries. It is important to note that such countries do not have meaningful natural resources. The explosion of the car manufacturing industr y in the twentieth century led to an increase in the demand for natural resources such as rubber and copper. Minerals were abundantly extracted in several countries like the Netherlands and in time replaced manufacturing as the dominant sector of the economy. With time, the Dutch economy and other similar ones suffered due to the specialization of production and processing of the main resource extracted. The discovery of natural resources did have a positive impact on economic growth but over time, such economies as Netherland became stagnant. The common trend of availability of natural resources combined with slow or stagnant economic growth has been termed the Dutch Disease type of economy. Natural resources can also be a blessing to a country’s economy. A good example of this is Norway, which is the second largest oil exporter. Norway’s oil exports have surpassed other sectors and its foreign direct investment increased to 8% of GDP as of 1998. The manufacturing sec tor declined in relation to GDP since oil was discovered in the 1970s.